Related Papers
Ethnoecology of pollination and pollinators: Knowledge and practice in three societies
Vincent Battesti, Romain Simenel
This paper includes three case studies about the relationship between men, the pollination process, and pollinators (honeybees here). In the palm groves of the Saharan oases, the environment as well as the varieties is created by horticulturists playing themselves the role of pollinators; in southern Morocco, the whole landscape, particularly argan agroforests, is the result of a remarkable symbiosis between bees and men; in Indonesia, honey collectors have a specific knowledge of the giant bees and blooming. They use this knowledge to attract migratory swarms and collect honey at the right time while facilitating the return of the bees. By pooling their expertise, the authors, who are specialists of the relationships between Nature and Societies wished to make available their results, because they were often scattered in various specialized publications related to a cultural area. By focusing their analysis on an important biological phenomenon threatened by human action they intend to address the biologists, policy makers and managers. Faced with the threats to biodiversity, conservation biology is caught off guard. Understanding anthropoecosystems whose current state is related to a process of co-evolution of all living beings requires an interdisciplinary approach. Their conservation cannot be ensured without an understanding practices and knowledge of local people, to put up with them respectful and locally adapted protection measures. Cet article réunit trois études de cas concernant les relations entre les hommes et le processus de pollinisation, et les pollinisateurs (ici les abeilles mellifères). Dans les palmeraies des oasis du sud du Sahara, milieu et variétés sont créés par des horticulteurs qui jouent eux-mêmes le rôle du pollinisateur ; dans le sud marocain, le paysage tout entier, tout particulièrement celui des arganeraies, est le résultat d'une remarquable symbiose entre les abeilles et les hommes ; en Indonésie, les collecteurs de miel possèdent un savoir précis de l'abeille géante et des floraisons qu'ils utilisent pour attirer les essaims migrateurs et récolter le miel au meilleur moment tout en facilitant leur reproduction. Les auteurs, spécialistes des relations Nature/Sociétés ont souhaité, en mettant en commun leur expertise, rendre leurs résultats accessibles, car ils étaient souvent dispersés dans diverses publications spécialisées liées à une aire culturelle. En concentrant leur analyse sur un phénomène biologique important menacé par l’action de l’homme, ils entendent s'adresser aux biologistes, décideurs et gestionnaires. Face aux menaces qui pèsent sur labiodiversité, la biologie de la conservation se trouve prise au dépourvu. La compréhension des anthropoécosystèmes, dont l'état actuel est lié à un processus de coévolution entre tous les êtres vivants, impose une démarche interdisciplinaire. Leur conservation ne peut être assurée sans que l'on comprenne les pratiques et les savoirs des peuples locaux, pour pouvoir mettre en place avec eux des mesures de protection respectueuses et localement adaptées.
Nature Sustainability
Biocultural approaches to pollinator conservation
Manuela Carneiro da Cunha
Revue d’ethnoécologie
Ethnoecology of pollination and pollinators
2015 •
Marie Roué
Melissocoenology: Historical Perspective, Method of Sampling, and Recommendations to the "Program of Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pollinators, With Emphasis on Bees" (Onu)
Afonso Orth
Melissocoenotic studies are key for the conservation of plant biodiversity, because pollinators play an important role in the reproductive success and gene flow of many important plant groups to agriculture and forestry and these plants in turn are important food sources for pollinators. Melissoecoenology emerged in southern Brazil after the development of a method to gather standardized samples of pollinators (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). The sampling of pollinators consists basically of collecting wild bees on flowers without random sweeping, in which the restricted sampling area and duration of the survey are previously fixed. The analysis of five, long term surveys, carried out in the center of the city of Curitiba, PR and in the surroundings of the Airport Afonso Pena (São José dos Pinhais, PR) are presented. Some changes, mostly negative, in the patterns of bee species composition and their abundance allowed us to make some recommendations in order to preserve, restore and avoid the...
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Perceptions of the local beekeepers Xmaben Campeche Mexico20200717 28804 hh31hz
Eliana Noguera Savelli
Background: The knowledge of native melliferous flora (MF) may contribute to identify the diversity of species available for beekeeping activities during the dry and rainy seasons of the year in the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) region. The acute shortage of food resources considerably reduce local honey production and needs to be addressed appropriately. The objective of this study has been identifying the local MF, their nectar and pollen contribution, their flowering patterns, and the criteria of the vegetation to be established adjacent to local apiaries for stable production of quality honey. The study also investigates how this approach helps to complete the annual flowering cycle required to maintain the honeybee colonies, thereby preventing swarm escapes during periods of acute food stress in the community of Xmabén, Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive survey based on interviews with 40 local beekeepers and a review of herbarium specimens (CICY) of the database of the global information network on the native MF biodiversity with high apiculture potential, the contribution of nectar and pollen they provide, and their flowering patterns. Furthermore, we documented interviews with the same beekeepers on the necessary conditions for establishing the ideal components of vegetation in areas adjacent to apiaries for high-quality honey production in the Xmabén community of Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico. Results: We have identified 56 native MF species with apiculture potential, that need to be planted around the apiaries for assisting honeybees in successfully running the beekeeping production cycle. Hence, the MF diversity of Xmabén community constitutes a valuable resource for successful beekeeping in the region and adjoining localities. We found that 22.5% of local beekeepers are dedicated exclusively to apilcilture, while 77.5% practice it as a secondary activity due to better sources of income in agriculture (60%), masonry (10%), and livestock management (7.5%). The data generated can help in further expansion of the local apiaries, beekeeping business, and in building future opportunities for the local apiculture industry. Indigenous knowledge of the beekeepers was comprehensive and corroborated the technical information on MF collected from the herbarium, further emphasizing the value of indigenous knowledge on traditional beekeeping practices. Conclusion: From the perspective of human ecology, our study reveals the need of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting indigenous knowledge to facilitate traditional beekeeping practices of the region without using expensive, modern technology to solve ecosystem-based problems through long-term, sustainable, traditional, and environment friendly approaches.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Perceptions of the local beekeepers on the diversity and flowering phenology of the melliferous flora in the community of Xmabén, Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico
2019 •
William Cetzal-Ix
Background: The knowledge of native melliferous flora (MF) may contribute to identify the diversity of species available for beekeeping activities during the dry and rainy seasons of the year in the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) region. The acute shortage of food resources considerably reduce local honey production and needs to be addressed appropriately. The objective of this study has been identifying the local MF, their nectar and pollen contribution, their flowering patterns, and the criteria of the vegetation to be established adjacent to local apiaries for stable production of quality honey. The study also investigates how this approach helps to complete the annual flowering cycle required to maintain the honeybee colonies, thereby preventing swarm escapes during periods of acute food stress in the community of Xmabén, Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive survey based on interviews with 40 local beekeepers and a review of herbarium specimens (CICY) of the database of the global information network on the native MF biodiversity with high apiculture potential, the contribution of nectar and pollen they provide, and their flowering patterns. Furthermore, we documented interviews with the same beekeepers on the necessary conditions for establishing the ideal components of vegetation in areas adjacent to apiaries for high-quality honey production in the Xmabén community of Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico. Results: We have identified 56 native MF species with apiculture potential, that need to be planted around the apiaries for assisting honeybees in successfully running the beekeeping production cycle. Hence, the MF diversity of Xmabén community constitutes a valuable resource for successful beekeeping in the region and adjoining localities. We found that 22.5% of local beekeepers are dedicated exclusively to apilcilture, while 77.5% practice it as a secondary activity due to better sources of income in agriculture (60%), masonry (10%), and livestock management (7.5%). The data generated can help in further expansion of the local apiaries, beekeeping business, and in building future opportunities for the local apiculture industry. Indigenous knowledge of the beekeepers was comprehensive and corroborated the technical information on MF collected from the herbarium, further emphasizing the value of indigenous knowledge on traditional beekeeping practices. Conclusion: From the perspective of human ecology, our study reveals the need of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting indigenous knowledge to facilitate traditional beekeeping practices of the region without using expensive, modern technology to solve ecosystem-based problems through long-term, sustainable, traditional, and environment friendly approaches.
Langscape
In the Land of the River-Mirrors: Dialogues Around “Bee-cultural” Diversity
2015 •
Juan Manuel Rosso
Elem Sci Anth
Between flowers, humans, and honeybees: Local ecological knowledge associated with apiculture in two areas of Silípica department, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Pablo Grimaldi
The production of honey for consumption is one of humans’ most intriguing activities in biocultural terms. Studies on Local Ecological Knowledge linked to Apiculture with Apis mellifera (LEKHA) are limited, particularly in Santiago del Estero (northern Argentina). In this work, we compared the LEKHA of beekeeping families in two different landscapes that show distinct socio-ecological characteristics: “rainfed” and “irrigation.” Through semi-structured and free interviews and the construction of local calendars, together with 85% of the beekeepers of these zones, we investigated the LEKHA, honeybee flora and methods of acquisition and transmission of management knowledge and practices. Participants mentioned 96 honeybee flora species (63 in rainfed and 71 in irrigation), mainly native species, which provide with nectar and pollen. The apicultural and floral calendar was similar in these two areas, although the areas differed in the time of year certain activities were carried out an...
Globalization of Culture in the Context of Globalism/Localism and hom*ogenization/Fragmentation Debates
Chamira Gamage
Infection and immunity
Heterogeneity of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated particles isolated from chimpanzee plasma
1977 •
hafeez ikram
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purified from approximately 8 liters of pooled plasma from a carrier chimpanzee. Precipitation of HBsAg with polyethylene glycol resulted in more than 20-fold purification, with about 80% recovery of antigenic activity. The sample was separated by further purification and fractionation into three populations of HBsAg-associated particles by column chromatography on hydroxylapatite: the first contained short filaments and 22- to 28-nm spheres, the second was composed of larger filaments and variable-sized spheres, and the third contained mostly 16- to 22-nm spherical particles. A large volume of the polyethylene glycol precipitate passed through hydroxyl-apatite twice yielded over 650 mg of partially purified HBsAg. A pooled preparation of purified HBsAg was separated by zone-convection electrofocusing into five peaks of antigenic activity within the pH range of 4.7 to 5.7.
